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In English we form plural nouns by putting s/es at the end of the nouns. However, we do not put s/es at the end of certain nouns. Based on the situations mentioned above, we can say there are two types of plural nouns. Regular plural nouns and irregular plural nouns. See the following information for more detailed.
Regular Plural Nouns
We form most of the plural nouns by adding s at the end of the word.
Examples:
book books
bird birds
cat cats
desk desks
friend friends
We form the plural of nouns ending in ch, s, sh, x, z by adding es.
Example:
peach peaches
glass glasses
brush brushes
box boxes
buzz buzzes
Some nouns ending on o just need s to form the plural and some others need es, and some others can use either s or es.
Example:
ghetto ghettos
kangaroo kangaroos
kilo kilos
memo memos
piano pianos
solo solos
radio radios
studio studios
tattoo tattoos
video videos
zoo zoos
echo echoes
hero heroes
mango mangoes
potato potatoes
tomato tomatoes
mosquito mosquitos/mosquitoes
tornado tornados/tornadoes
volcano volcanos/volcanoes
zero zeros/zeroes
Irregular Plural Nouns
Some nouns have irregular plural forms. We must memorize them.
Examples:
child children
foot feet
man men
mouse mice
tooth teeth
woman women
For more information, see the table below.
| Singular Nouns | Plural Nouns |
| addendum aircraft alumnus analysis antenna apex appendix axis bacterium bison cactus child crisis criterion curriculum datum deer diagnosis dwarf ellipsis fish focus foot formula fungus goose half hypothesis vertebra vortex wife wolf woman |
addenda aircraft alumni analyses antennae or antennas apices or apexes appendices or appendixes axes bacteria bison cacti or cactus or cactuses children crises criteria or criterions curricula or curriculums data deer or deers diagnoses dwarves or dwarfs ellipses fish or fishes foci or focuses feet or foot formulae or formulas fungi or funguses goose halves hypotheses vertebrae or vertebras vortices or vortexes wives wolves women |
Plural Noun Exercises
Exercise I
Underline the correct form of the nouns in parentheses.
Example:
She is a beautiful (girl, girls).
- He is a good (father, fathers).
- The (book, books) are on the desk.
- The (boy, boys) go to school on (foot, feet).
- The (child, children) are in the playground.
- The only thing I found in the fridge is an (orange, oranges).
- How many (student, students) are there in your class?
- He is my (boyfriend, boyfriends).
- Is it your (blog, blogs)?
- The (house, houses) is for sale.
- The (leaf, leaves) turn yellow so quickly.
- The (bus, buses) are waiting for us.
- He is a handsome (man, men).
- The (salesman, salesmen) are in the meeting.
- My baby’s got three (tooth, teeth).
- The plane was thirty thousand (foot, feet) above the ground.
Exercise II
Write the correct form of the nouns in parentheses.
Example:
I saw some …. on the tree. (bird)
I saw some birds on the tree.
- The ………………….is on the wall. (clock)
- Have you seen any ………….. running into the kitchen? (mouse)
- It is an expensive ……………….. (house)
- The fishermen caught a lot of ………….. last night. (fish)
- There are some ………………… in the kitchen. (knife)
- I like ………………. I eat them a lot every day. (tomato)
- The music hall has got two ……………….. (piano)
- How many ……………….. have you got? (child)
- Look at the baby. He’s got two ……………… (tooth)
- A lot of new scientific ……………………. have been made lately. (discovery)
- We must work together to prevent the ……………… from spreading. (virus)
- How many …………… are there in one trillion? (zero)
- Some …………………. in Indonesia erupt almost every year. (volcano)
- Because we are in a cave, we can hear the ……………….of our voices. (echo)
- There are so many kinds of …………………. in this world. (bacterium)
Answer
Exercise I
- He is a good (father, fathers).
- The (book, books) are on the desk.
- The (boy, boys) go to school on (foot, feet).
- The (child, children) are in the playground.
- The only thing I found in the fridge is an (orange, oranges).
- How many (student, students) are there in your class?
- He is my (boyfriend, boyfriends).
- Is it your (blog, blogs)?
- The (house, houses) is for sale.
- The (leaf, leaves) turn yellow so quickly.
- The (bus, buses) are waiting for us.
- He is a handsome (man, men).
- The (salesman, salesmen) are in the meeting.
- My baby’s got three (tooth, teeth).
- The plane was thirty thousand (foot, feet) above the ground.
Exercise II
- clock
- mice
- house
- fish/fishes
- knives
- tomatoes
- pianos
- children
- teeth
- discoveries
- viruses
- zeros
- volcanos/volcanoes
- echos
- bacteria
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