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Grammar Exercises with Answers for Busy Teachers and Independent Learners

Must Have and Can’t Have + Past Participles: The Difference

must have can't have + past participles

Must have and can’t have followed by a past participle are used to express certainty or possibility about past events.

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Must have + Past Participle

You use “must have + past participle” to express certainty: a strong belief that something definitely happened in the past.

Example: “They must have been very tired. They worked all night.”

Can’t have + Past Participle

You use “can’t have + past participle” to express impossibility: a strong belief that something definitely did not happen in the past.

Example: “She can’t have forgotten her keys. She always carries them with her.”

See the following table:

Construction Meaning Example
Must have + past participle Certainty He must have seen the movie.
Can’t have + past participle Impossibility She can’t have lost her phone.

These constructions are used to express strong beliefs or deductions based on available information. They are not always 100% certain, but they are highly probable.

Must Have and Can’t Have Exercises

Exercise I

 

Complete these sentences using must (have) … or can’t (have) …!

Examples: 

Is she Indonesian?  Yes, she must be Indonesian.

Did Jack see you? No, he can’t have seen me.

  1. Are they married? Yes, they must ………………………………………

  2. Is she serious ? No, she can’t…………………………………

  3. Were they  in a hurry ? Yes, they………………………………….

  4. Does Helen know  Jack?  Yes, she ………………………………………

  5. Did Michael know about the news ? Yes, he ………………………………………

  6. Do Brian and Amanda have much money ? No, they ………………………………………

  7. Was John driving carefully ? No, he ………………………………………

  8. Are they waiting for the teacher ? Yes, they  ……………………………………….

 

Exercise II

Complete these sentences with  must or can’t + a suitable verb.

Example: She’s  been travelling all day.  She must be very tired.

 

  1. Bill has got a lot of  houses, cars and helicopters.  He ……………… a lot of money.

  2. I wonder who is knocking at the door. It ………………………Paul. He said he would come at 8 o’clock. And it’s 8 o’clock now.

  3. I wonder why John isn’t at work today. I suppose he …………..ill.

  4. Budi seems to know a lot about history.  He ………………………… a lot of books .

  5. Matt’s putting on this jacket. He ………………… out.

 

Exercise III

Read a situation and write an appropriate sentence with must have or can’t  have. Use the words in brackets.

Example: The bell rang but she didn’t hear it. (She must/be/asleep )

She must have been asleep.

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  1. That watch you bought has a very good quality. (it must/be/very expensive)  It must ………………………………………………………………

  2. I haven’t seen  Jane  for ages. (she must /go/away)  She ………………………………………………………………

  3. I wonder  where  my iPhone  is. (you must/leave/it in the office) …………………………………………………………………

  4. George  passed the examination. He didn’t study very much for  it. (the exam can’t/be/very difficult) …………………………………………………………………

  5. He knew everything about our plans. (He must/listen/to our conversation) …………………………………………………………………

 

Answer

Exercise I 

  1. Yes, they must be married.

  2. No, she can’t be serious.

  3. Yes, they must have been in a hurry.

  4. Yes, she must know him.

  5. Yes, he must have known about it.

  6. No, they can’t have much money.

  7. No, he must have driven the car carelessly./No, he mustn’t have driven the car carefully.

  8. Yes, they can/must wait for the teacher.

Exercise II

  1. must have

  2. must be

  3. must be

  4. must have

  5. must go

Exercise III

  1. It must have been very expensive.

  2. She must have gone away.

  3. I must have left it in the office.

  4. The exam can’t have been very difficult.

  5. He must have listened to our conversation.

Download/print the exercises above in Google Drive.

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2 responses to “Must Have and Can’t Have + Past Participles: The Difference”

  1. […] Demikian, semoga bermanfaat. Lihat juga perbedaan musn’t have dan can’t have di sini.   […]

  2. […] should have given them what they loved. (Artinya: I didn’t give them what they loved.)Kunjungi mustn’t have and can’t have exercises di sini.Lihat penggunaan should dan Modal Verbs lainnya di sini! Untuk informasi lebih lengkap tentang […]

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